1. Immunology/Inflammation
  2. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
  3. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis  (Synonyms: LPS, from bacterial (Proteus mirabilis))

目录号: HY-D1056B2
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Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 是来源于奇异变形杆菌 (Proteus mirabilis) 的脂多糖内毒素和 TLR-4 激活剂,是 S 型 LPS,可激活免疫系统的致病相关分子模式 (PAMP) 和诱导细胞分泌迁移体。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 具有典型的 3 部分结构:O 抗原、核心寡糖和脂质 A。Proteus mirabilis 是导致尿路感染的主要病原体,并可能引起类风湿性关节炎。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 还具有潜在抗肿瘤作用,对实体肿瘤 (如脑膜肉瘤和 Walker 癌肉瘤) 具有体内抑制活性。
建议配制浓度 ≥2 mg/mL,充分涡旋震荡 10 分钟以上,必要时辅助超声。由于 LPS 具有吸附特性,分装保存时需使用硅烷化容器低吸附离心管,使用前充分混匀。

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Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis Chemical Structure

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查看 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 亚型特异性产品:

  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from Proteus mirabilis, classified as S-type LPS, which can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and induce cellular secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Proteus mirabilis is a major pathogen causing urinary tract infections and may also contribute to rheumatoid arthritis. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis also exhibit potential anti-tumor effects, demonstrating in vivo inhibitory activity against solid tumors such as meningosarcoma and Walker carcinosarcoma[1][2].
It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.

IC50 & Target

TLR-4[2]

体外研究
(In Vitro)

Note:
1. 实验浓度和时间:请勿仅参考一篇文章来确定实验条件。建议在正式实验前,根据细胞系和 LPS 类型查找相关参考文献,且不同的炎症因子达到峰值的所需的诱导时间或最佳浓度可能不同,建议设置浓度和时间梯度,以确定最优的实验方案。
2. 检测指标:LPS 不一定会引起细胞死亡,因此不宜仅仅通过检测细胞活力来确定 LPS 造模浓度和时间,建议检测炎症因子的表达或分泌
3. 溶剂选择:有文献表明,一定浓度的 DMSO 可显著抑制 LPS 诱导的炎症反应,细胞实验中建议用无菌水配制储备液,然后用培养基进行稀释。
4. 容器选择:由于 LPS 具有吸附特性,会与塑料和某些类型的玻璃结合 (特别是在浓度 <0.1 mg/mL 的情况下),如果 LPS 浓度超过 1 mg/mL,这种吸附作用相对较小。此外,LPS 在溶液中易形成胶束。因此,粉末溶解时,建议配制浓度 ≥2 mg/mL,充分涡旋震荡 10 分钟以上,必要时辅助超声,如需分装保存,请使用硅烷化容器低吸附离心管。如果使用玻璃容器,请确保使用前充分混合至少 30 分钟,以重新溶解任何吸附在管壁的 LPS。
5. 浓度单位:LPS 不具备统一的分子量,因为其分子本身呈现异质性聚集性,天然来源的 LPS 分子量通常在 10-100 kDa 甚至更高。LPS 在文献中常见的给药浓度是质量浓度,比如 ng/mL 和 μg/mL,因此,在实验时,直接配制成质量浓度即可。
6. 过滤除菌:将 LPS 粉末溶于水、生理盐水或 PBS 后,溶液可能会呈现出朦胧或胶体状的外观,且在某些情况下可观察到直径在约 20-30 nm 的微胶粒分布。如需进行过滤除菌,请勿直接过滤储备液,建议稀释成工作液之后用 0.22 μm 的滤膜过滤除菌
7. 不同菌株 LPS 的区别:不同货号的 LPS 来自于不同的细菌菌种,对应着不同的脂质 A、核心多糖以及 O-抗原等结构特征,进而影响炎症诱导强度与 TLR4 介导的信号偏向。文献中常见的用于体外或体内炎症模型构建的 LPS 货号是 HY-D1056HY-D1056A1。此外,在特定研究情境下,还会使用与所研究菌种相关的专门来源 LPS,比如,牙周炎相关研究用 HY-D1056D (来源于牙龈卟啉单胞菌),肺炎相关研究用 HY-D1056B3 (来源于肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌)。选择时应综合考虑实验目的、细胞系的敏感性等因素。

血清介导的免疫作用是通过激活补体级联信号,产生溶解复合物 C5b-9,发挥自身杀菌活性。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 则能够激活补体,并引起 C5b 沉积。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 与血清孵育 3 小时 (37 °C) 后,细菌活力受到抑制[1]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

体内研究
(In Vivo)

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis (最低有效剂量 0.005 mg/kg;静脉注射或腹腔注射;单剂量) 在小鼠和大鼠荷瘤模型中,有效抑制实体型艾氏癌 (Ehrlich carcinoma) (ED=0.005 mg/kg)、Sarcoma 180、Sarcoma 37 等多种实体瘤,并使部分肿瘤完全消退。但 Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 对腹水型肿瘤无效。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 能阻断肿瘤组织血流,使注入的物质 “Lock out” 或 “Lock in”。Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis 还可以与 6-mercaptopurine (HY-13677) 和 Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420) 等抗肿瘤药物联合使用,提高对 Meningeal sarcoma MS-147 和 Walker carcinosarcoma 256 等难治性肿瘤的抑制效果[2]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Mice bearing solid-type Ehrlich carcinoma, Sarcoma 180, Sarcoma 37, Meningeal sarcoma MS-147, Walker carcinosarcoma 256, Adenocarcinoma 755, Yoshida sarcoma, C3H spontaneous sarcoma, Lymphoid leukemia L 1210; Rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma 256[2].
Dosage: LPS from wild type and heptoseless mutant N-434 of Proteus mirabilis RMS-203, with doses varying in different experiments.
Administration: Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection (for some experiments); evaluating tumor regression in 2-4 weeks.
Result: LPS from both wild type and heptoseless mutant of Proteus mirabilis RMS-203 had the same level of activity when given intravenously in the Pigment test on Ehrlich solid tumor.
Inhibited the growth of solid-type Ehrlich carcinoma, Sarcoma 180, and Sarcoma 37, and could cause complete regression of these tumors.
Exhibited a vascular effect on tumor tissues, it could not be ineffective against ascites-type tumors.
性状

固体

颜色

White to off-white

中文名称

脂多糖,来源于奇异变形杆菌

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
纯度 & 产品资料
参考文献
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  • 稀释计算器

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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产品名称:
Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis
目录号:
HY-D1056B2
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