1. NF-κB Apoptosis MAPK/ERK Pathway
  2. NF-κB RIP kinase Mixed Lineage Kinase
  3. Aurantiamide

Aurantiamide 是一种非共价、口服有效、可透过血脑屏障的 GRPR 选择性拮抗剂,具有抗炎活性和神经保护作用。Aurantiamide 通过抑制 GRPR 介导的肾坏死通路 (如 RIPK3/MLKL 信号) 和 NF-κB 炎症通路,减轻肾组织炎症和氧化应激,发挥抗急性肾损伤和改善内皮功能的活性。Aurantiamide 还抑制小胶质细胞发生 M1 型极化,并抑制 NLRP3 激活,而改善 AD 小鼠模型。Aurantiamide 在缺血/再灌注、脓毒症等的急性肾损伤模型,和高血压模型中,均具有体内抑制效力。

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Aurantiamide

Aurantiamide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 58115-31-4

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  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

Aurantiamide is a non-covalent, orally active, blood-brain-permeable GRPR selective antagonist with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Aurantiamide reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue by inhibiting GRPR-mediated renal necrosis pathways (such as RIPK3/MLKL signaling) and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, exerting anti-acute kidney injury and endothelial function activities. Aurantiamide also inhibits the M1 polarization of microglia and inhibits NLRP3 activation, thereby improving AD mouse models. Aurantiamide has in vivo inhibitory efficacy in acute kidney injury models such as ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and hypertension models[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

NF-κB

 

RIPK3

 

细胞效力
(Cellular Effect)
Cell Line Type Value Description References
N9 IC50
14.91 μM
Compound: 23
Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse N9 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay
Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse N9 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay
[PMID: 28073678]
体外研究
(In Vitro)

Aurantiamide (25、50、100 μM;12 h) 在人肾近端小管上皮细胞 (HK-2)缺氧/复氧及 LPS (1 mg/mL) 刺激模型中,显著降低肾损伤标志物 KIM1 的蛋白及 mRNA 表达,抑制 RIPK3/MLKL 坏死通路及 NF-κB 炎症通路相关蛋白磷酸化,减轻细胞损伤与炎症反应[1]
Aurantiamide (10,20 μM;24 h) 在小鼠 BV2 细胞中,抑制 LPS 和 IFN-γ 诱导的 BV2 活化和 M1 型极化,抑制 NLRP3 的激活,从而发挥抗中枢神经炎症的活性[2]
Aurantiamide 促进小胶质细胞发生 M2 极化改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠认知能力[3]
Aurantiamide (3 μM;18 h) 在人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 中,显著上调内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS) 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达,促进一氧化氮 (NO) 生成,且对细胞活力无显著毒性影响[4]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: Human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) [LPS-induced model]
Concentration: 25 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: WB (Western blot) : Reduced protein expression of renal injury marker KIM1, phosphorylated RIPK3 (p-RIPK3), phosphorylated MLKL (p-MLKL), and phosphorylated P65 (p-P65) in a dose-dependent manner, compared to H/R or LPS-stimulated controls.
qPCR : Downregulated mRNA levels of KIM1, MCP-1, and IL-6, with significant inhibition at 50 μM and 100 μM.
IF (Immunofluorescence) : Decreased immunofluorescent intensity of p-MLKL and KIM1 in cytoplasm, indicating reduced necroptosis and tubular injury.

Western Blot Analysis[4]

Cell Line: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)
Concentration: 3 μM
Incubation Time: 18 h
Result: No significant cytotoxicity observed, with cell viability maintaining over 90% compared to control.
WB (Western blot) : Upregulated eNOS protein expression by 1.8-fold compared to control, with enhanced NO production detected by nitrite/nitrate assay.
\qPCR : Increased eNOS mRNA expression by 2.3-fold, confirming transcriptional activation of eNOS.
体内研究
(In Vivo)

Aurantiamide (2.5、5、10 mg/kg;口服灌胃;共 3 次,每次间隔 24 h) 在 C57BL/6 小鼠缺血/再灌注 (I/R) 和盲肠结扎穿刺 (CLP) 呈剂量依赖性改善 AD 小鼠的认知障碍,并抑制小胶质细胞的极化和 NLRP3 的激活[2]
Aurantiamide (0.5 mg/kg;腹腔注射;每日一次,每周 5 天;4 周) 在 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠两肾一夹 (2K-1C) 肾血管性高血压模型中,显著降低平均动脉血压,改善内皮依赖性血管舒张功能,上调主动脉内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS) 蛋白表达并促进一氧化氮 (NO) 生成[4]
Aurantiamide (0.1 mg/kg;灌胃;单剂量) 与 Aurantiamide acetate (HY-N2905) (0.2 mg/kg;灌胃;单剂量) 在大鼠中的代谢特征显示,其具有扩散快,分布广泛,可透过血脑屏障的特点,达峰时间为 0.5 h。并且,Aurantiamide acetate 的下降速度比 Aurantiamide 更快[5]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old, 20-22 g) + cisplatin-induced, I/R, or CLP-induced acute kidney injury model[1]
Dosage: 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg (dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose + 0.1% Tween 80)
Administration: Oral gavage, three times before the surgery, with a 24 h interval between each administration
Result: Renal function : Reduced serum creatinine and BUN levels by 30-45% compared to model controls, with the 10 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effect.
Histopathology : PAS staining revealed decreased tubular dilation, glycogen deposition, and interstitial fibrosis; immunofluorescence showed reduced KIM1 (renal injury marker) and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration in renal tissues.
Protein expression : Western blot demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of p-RIPK3, p-MLKL, and p-P65 (NF-κB) in renal lysates, with corresponding reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) by qPCR.
Animal Model: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, 230-250 g) + two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension model[4]
Dosage: 0.5 mg/kg (dissolved in DMSO, final concentration 0.1%)
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 5 days/week, total 4 weeks
Result: Blood pressure : Reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 20-25% compared to hypertensive controls, with significant improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and reduced constriction to phenylephrine (Phe).
Vascular function : Organ bath assays showed enhanced ACh-induced vasodilation and attenuated Phe-induced vasoconstriction in aortic rings, correlated with increased eNOS protein expression (1.5-fold by Western blot) and NO production (measured as nitrite/nitrate levels).
Red blood cell deformability : Ektacytometry revealed increased erythrocyte deformability (Elmax) in treated rats, indicating improved blood fluidity and microvascular flow.
分子量

402.49

Formula

C25H26N2O3

CAS 号
性状

固体

颜色

White to off-white

结构分类
初始来源
运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式

-20°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

溶解性数据
细胞实验: 

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 50 mg/mL (124.23 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响,请使用新开封的 DMSO)

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4845 mL 12.4227 mL 24.8453 mL
5 mM 0.4969 mL 2.4845 mL 4.9691 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

动物实验:

请根据您的 实验动物和给药方式 选择适当的溶解方案。

以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液,再依次添加助溶剂:
——为保证实验结果的可靠性,澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件,适当保存;体内实验的工作液,建议您现用现配,当天使用
以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

  • 方案 一

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.11 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 1.25 mg/mL(饱和度未知)的澄清溶液。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 12.5 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀;再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀;然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL

    生理盐水的配制:将 0.9 g 氯化钠,溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL,可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。
  • 方案 二

    请依序添加每种溶剂: 10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.11 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 1.25 mg/mL(饱和度未知)的澄清溶液,此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。

    1 mL 工作液为例,取 100 μL 12.5 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中,混合均匀。

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息:

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

由于实验过程有损耗,建议您多配一只动物的量
请输入您的动物体内配方组成:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
如果您的动物是免疫缺陷鼠或者体弱鼠,建议 DMSO 中的在最后工作液体系中的占比尽量不超过 2%。
方案所需 助溶剂 包括:DMSO ,均可在 MCE 网站选购。 Tween 80,均可在 MCE 网站选购。
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
储备液配制方法 : mg 药物溶于 μL  DMSO(母液浓度为 mg/mL)。

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

您所需的储备液浓度超过该产品的实测溶解度,以下方案仅供参考,如有需要,请与 MCE 中国技术支持联系。
动物实验体内工作液的配制方法 : 取 μL DMSO 储备液,加入 μL  μL ,混合均匀至澄清,再加 μL Tween 80,混合均匀至澄清,再加 μL 生理盐水
连续给药周期超过半月以上,请谨慎选择该方案。
请确保第一步储备液溶解至澄清状态,从左到右依次添加助溶剂。您可采用超声加热 (超声清洗仪,建议频次 20-40 kHz),涡旋吹打等方式辅助溶解。
纯度 & 产品资料

纯度: 99.27%

参考文献

完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.4845 mL 12.4227 mL 24.8453 mL 62.1133 mL
5 mM 0.4969 mL 2.4845 mL 4.9691 mL 12.4227 mL
10 mM 0.2485 mL 1.2423 mL 2.4845 mL 6.2113 mL
15 mM 0.1656 mL 0.8282 mL 1.6564 mL 4.1409 mL
20 mM 0.1242 mL 0.6211 mL 1.2423 mL 3.1057 mL
25 mM 0.0994 mL 0.4969 mL 0.9938 mL 2.4845 mL
30 mM 0.0828 mL 0.4141 mL 0.8282 mL 2.0704 mL
40 mM 0.0621 mL 0.3106 mL 0.6211 mL 1.5528 mL
50 mM 0.0497 mL 0.2485 mL 0.4969 mL 1.2423 mL
60 mM 0.0414 mL 0.2070 mL 0.4141 mL 1.0352 mL
80 mM 0.0311 mL 0.1553 mL 0.3106 mL 0.7764 mL
100 mM 0.0248 mL 0.1242 mL 0.2485 mL 0.6211 mL
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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